19 Kosakata Bangun Ruang dalam Bahasa Inggris

Newmark on the books A Textbook of Translation (1988) proposed 8 types of translation method, as illustrated in the following diagram V;

SL Emphasis                                                                                               TL Emphasis

Word-for-word Translation                                                            Adaptation

        Literal Translation                                                              Free Translation

             Faithful Translation                                                Idiomatic Translation

                        Semantic Translation                        Communicative Translation

Gambar 1. Diagram V (Newmark 1988:45)

From 8 types of translation methods above, 4 types of translation method oriented to source text and the others oriented to target language.

Oriented to Source text: 

1. Word-for-word translation
2. Literal Translation
3. Faithful Translation
4. Semantic Translation

Oriented to Target text:

1. Adaptation
2. Free translation
3. Idiomatic Translation
4. Communicative translation